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Présentation générale

Human Rights (2ndes)

Content

I – What are human rights?

Introduction to the topic

1. You received a list of human rights and a definition of one of them : that's the right you are!
2. You have to find which right you are in the list.
3. Find in the class who is who and write it down in your list.

• List of human rights
• Definitions of human rights
• Correction

A. Defining human rights

Characteristics of human rights

Human rights are :

1. Universal rights
2. High-priority rights

• Exercise
• Mindmap

Three generation of human rights

Video

Transcript

Exercise

B. The History of Human Rights

1. Do some research and select what you think is important: significant events, key dates, fundamental texts, major fights, prominent historical figures …
2. Create an interactive poster on the history of human rights

Contemporary Issues in Moral and Political Philosophy (1ères & Terminales)

I – Animal Ethics

Mindmap

Exercise

Create a mindmap : What are the different ways we use animals?

Suggested mindmap

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flowchart LR
A1(["Different ways<br>we use animals"])

B1("For food")
B2("For pharmaceuticals, <br>medical or pseudo-<br>medical products")
B3("For clothing")
B4("For entertainment")
B5("For labor")
B6("For experimentation")
B7("As pets or
companions")
B8("In contemporary<br>artwork")
B9("In rituals")

C1["Meat, milk, cheese,
eggs, honey, foie gras,
shark finning, manure …"]
C2["Leeches, tiger bones, pangolin-derived products,
rhino horns, deer antlers, snake bile, duck heart
and liver, blood of the horseshoe crab for the
detection of bacterial endotoxins …"]
C3["Leather, fur, wool,
silk, feathers, wax …"]
C4["Zoos, circuses, hunting, sport fishing,
bullfighting and other entertainment
using bulls, cockfighting, dog fighting,
horse racing, greyhound racing …"]
C5["Transport or traction,
police dogs, guide dogs …"]
C6["Cosmetic and household
testing, scientific research …"]
C7["Cats, dogs, birds, exotic pets
(animals of a wild species) …"]
C8["Animals in filmed media,
Damien Hirst : <i>Mother and Child Divided</i> (1993),
Sun Yuan & Peng Yu : <i>Aquatic Wall</i> (1998)
Marco Evaristti : <i>Helena</i> (2000) …"]
C9["Animal sacrifice,
animal festival,
animal mummification"]

B1 --- C1
B2 --- C2
B3 --- C3
B4 --- C4
B5 --- C5
B6 --- C6
B7 --- C7
B8 --- C8
B9 --- C9

A1 === B1 & B2 & B3 & B4 & B5 & B6 & B7 & B8 & B9

Essay

In my opinion, the main problem in animal ethics is … (± 300 words)

Content

A. Do animals have minds?

1/ Do animals have feelings?

Transcription

• What are the two concepts of harm?
• Why is it difficult to prove the existence of animal pain?

Peter Singer, Do Animals Feel Pain?

• What are the different arguments for the existence of animal pain?

2/ Animal intelligence and consciousness

Transcription

• According to Aristotle and Descartes, what is the difference between animals and human beings?
• Darwin's theory of evolution challenged the traditional conception of animals and human beings. Explain.
• Recent experiments show that animals can solve complex problems. Illustrate.
• What is “the hard problem”?

Final task

1. Imagine you're a journalist. You have to interview an expert in animal studies. Prepare the interview and find 5 interesting questions you could ask.
2. Now you're the expert : answer the questions (of another group).

Documents complémentaires

• The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
• M. R. Calarco (ed.), Animal Studies. The Key Concepts (2021), “Mind”

B. The moral status of animals

General introduction

• Transcription dans le désordre : exercice de classement
• Transcription dans l'ordre

Vocabulaire intéressant dans ce texte :

Vocabulaire général

• What marks the difference between … and …?
• To question the idea that …
• To put the point this way …
• What this shows is that …
• One option is to say that …
• deeply problematic

Vocabulaire spécifique

• What makes us special?
• We have rationality / sophisticated cognitive capacities
• What does give us moral status?
• We should expand the circle of moral concern
• It has profound implications for how we live our lives
• everyday behavior

1/ Deontological ethics and consequentialism

Document

• Deontological ethics & consequentialism

You have only a part of the document : about deontological ethics or consequentialism. You have to explain to the other group what deontological ethics or what consequentialism is.

Exercise

• Exercice de classement de phrases : déontologisme ou conséquentialisme ?

2/ Abolitionism and welfarism

Documents

• Jeangène Vilmer, Jean-Baptiste. “The diversity of animal ethics”
• Luis E. Chiesa, “Animal Rights Unraveled”

Exercise

Abolitionism / welfarism : exercise

Are you an abolitionist or a welfarist?

• Different ways we use animals

Essay : “Are you an abolitionist or a welfarist?” (±300 words)

C. Applied Animal Ethics

1/ Veganism

2/ Animal experimentation